In the 15th and 16th centuries, portraits played a vital role in every aspect and stage of human life. Renaissance art historian Elaine Ruffolo provides fresh insights into fundamental issues of likeness, memory, and identity as she reveals a remarkable community of personalities—from princes, envoys, and merchants to clergymen, tradesmen, and artists­—whose faces speak to us of their times and lives. (World Art History Certificate elective, 1/2 credit)