The lunar rocks brought home by Apollo astronauts reshaped our understanding of our Moon, the Earth, and the entire solar system. Gathering more of them is one of the most important reasons to go back to the Moon. The Artemis program is enabling lunar sample return both by humans and robots, to places we've never been in some the oldest, coldest places in the solar system. In this lecture, Dr. Barbara Cohen, NASA Goddard, will discuss the most important science from lunar samples and how we are planning for more.